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Possible value of galectin-3 on follow-up of cardiac remodeling during glucocorticoid treatment

Akin, Senay; Kubat, Gokhan B.; Guray, Umit; Akin, Yesim; Demirel, Haydar A.


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        "affiliation": "Hacettepe Univ, Fac Sport Sci, Dept Exercise & Sport Physiol, Ankara, Turkey", 
        "name": "Akin, Senay"
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      {
        "name": "Kubat, Gokhan B."
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      {
        "affiliation": "Ankara City Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Ankara, Turkey", 
        "name": "Guray, Umit"
      }, 
      {
        "affiliation": "Karabuk Univ, Dept Cardiol, Fac Med, Karabuk, Turkey", 
        "name": "Akin, Yesim"
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      {
        "name": "Demirel, Haydar A."
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    "description": "Glucocorticoids are among the most prescribed drugs globally due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Although they have positive effects on the treatment of various disease states; long-term administration is associated with high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. The heart attempts to cope with increased blood pressure and a decrease in glucose utilization by developing pathological cardiac remodeling. However, in this process, cardiac fibrosis formation and deterioration in heart structure and functions occur. Galectin-3, a member of the beta-galactoside binding lectins, is consistently associated with inflammation and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of various disease states including insulin resistance and heart failure. Galectin-3 expression is markedly increased in activated macrophages and a subset of activated fibroblasts and vascular cells. Also, failing and remodeling myocardium show increased Gal-3 expression and elevated Gal-3 levels are related to heart failure severity and prognosis. Furthermore, Gal-3-related pathways are recently suggested as therapeutic targets both pharmacologically and genetically to increase insulin sensitivity in vivo. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of our current understanding of the role of glucocorticoid-associated insulin resistance, which is important for some cardiac events, and the potential role of galectin in this pathophysiological process.", 
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      "title": "JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY", 
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