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A DROIC Based on PFM ADCs Employing Over-Integration for Error Shaping

Abbas, Shahbaz; Ceylan, Omer; Gurbuz, Yasar


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        "affiliation": "Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey", 
        "name": "Abbas, Shahbaz"
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      {
        "affiliation": "Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey", 
        "name": "Ceylan, Omer"
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      {
        "affiliation": "Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey", 
        "name": "Gurbuz, Yasar"
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    "description": "This paper presents a digital readout integrated circuit (DROIC) for small pitch medium-wave infrared (MWIR) starring focal plane arrays (FPAs). To overcome the limited in-pixel resolution of such DROICs, the concept of error shaping is introduced in pulse frequency modulation (PFM)-based pixels. Multiple integration operations are performed in a single frame and the residue charge from each integration phase is retained and injected into the next charge packet. This over-integration routine provides a high pass noise transfer function (NTF) equivalent to what is obtained in a first order sigma delta modulator. The concise structure of a PFM analog-to-digital converter (ADC) lends itself well to such an operation inside the pixel, while consuming low power. Along with a theoretical analysis of the technique, a prototype based on a 16 x 16 array and sinc decimation filters is developed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed DROIC. With an in-pixel resolution of 5 bits and over-integration ratio (OIR) of 128, 395 noise electrons are demonstrated at full-well fill from the test array fabricated in a 90 nm bulk-CMOS process.", 
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      "issue": "10", 
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