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Integration of Triboluminescent EuD(4)TEA Crystals to Transparent Polymers: Impact Sensor Application

Incel, Anil; Emirdag-Eanes, Mehtap; McMillen, Colin D.; Demir, Mustafa M.


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{
  "DOI": "10.1021/acsami.6b16330", 
  "abstract": "Lanthanide-based organometallic materials are well-known candidate triboluminescent (TL) materials that can show bright emission when a mechanical force is applied. These materials are usually in the form of crystalline powders, and it is often useful to integrate these samples into a polymer matrix in order to achieve processability, enabling coating from a solution/molten state or fabrication as a complex-shaped matrix. In this work, micrometer-sized europium tetrakis (dibenzoylmethide) triethylammonium (EuD(4)TEA) crystals were synthesized and integrated with various transparent polymers (PMMA, PS, PVDF, and PU) using two approaches: (0 blending and (ii) surface impregnation. In the former method, the crystalline particles were molecularly dissolved; therefore, a TL response cannot be achieved. More than 10 wt % TL crystals in the composite is needed to obtain TL signals. However, TL signal was achieved at 2.5 wt % when a composite was prepared by the latter approach. TL intensity shows exponential decay with consecutive mechanical action. The TL emission of PU-based surface impregnated composite expires with long-lived emission, and maximum TL response with respect to applied force was measured between 2.45 and 42.0 N.", 
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Incel", 
      "given": " Anil"
    }, 
    {
      "family": "Emirdag-Eanes", 
      "given": " Mehtap"
    }, 
    {
      "family": "McMillen", 
      "given": " Colin D."
    }, 
    {
      "family": "Demir", 
      "given": " Mustafa M."
    }
  ], 
  "container_title": "ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES", 
  "id": "50377", 
  "issue": "7", 
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2017, 
        1, 
        1
      ]
    ]
  }, 
  "page": "6488-6496", 
  "title": "Integration of Triboluminescent EuD(4)TEA Crystals to Transparent Polymers: Impact Sensor Application", 
  "type": "article-journal", 
  "volume": "9"
}
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