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Effect of urea concentration on microbial Ca precipitation

Isik, Mustafa; Altas, Levent; Ozcan, Samet; Simsek, Ismail; Agdag, Osman Nuri; Alas, Ali


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{
  "DOI": "10.1016/j.jiec.2012.05.002", 
  "abstract": "High calcium concentrations are problematic, because they lead to clogging of pipelines, boilers and heat exchangers through scaling, or malfunctioning of aerobic and anaerobic reactors. Urea hydrolysis provides simultaneously a pH and CO2 increase, both of which are responsible of CaCO3 production. This study was carried out to determine urea concentrations between 5 and 20 mM on ureolytic mixed culture treating synthetic wastewater. The optimum urea concentration was found as 15 mM for effective calcium removal. This work showed the feasibility of urea-based microbial carbonate precipitation as an alternative Ca2+ removal technology. (C) 2012 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", 
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Isik", 
      "given": " Mustafa"
    }, 
    {
      "family": "Altas", 
      "given": " Levent"
    }, 
    {
      "family": "Ozcan", 
      "given": " Samet"
    }, 
    {
      "family": "Simsek", 
      "given": " Ismail"
    }, 
    {
      "family": "Agdag", 
      "given": " Osman Nuri"
    }, 
    {
      "family": "Alas", 
      "given": " Ali"
    }
  ], 
  "container_title": "JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY", 
  "id": "87199", 
  "issue": "6", 
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2012, 
        1, 
        1
      ]
    ]
  }, 
  "page": "1908-1911", 
  "title": "Effect of urea concentration on microbial Ca precipitation", 
  "type": "article-journal", 
  "volume": "18"
}
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