Kitap Açık Erişim
Bir Düşünür Bir Kavram ve Din
Güngör, Özcan
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"description": "<p>Bu çal\u0131\u015fma, Türk dü\u015fünce dünyas\u0131n\u0131n önde gelen dü\u015fünürlerinin modernle\u015fme, kimlik, milliyetçilik, din, ahlak, toplumsal kontrol ve Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 medeniyet tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 konular\u0131nda geli\u015ftirdikleri kavramlar\u0131 ele alarak Türk toplumunun sosyal ve kültürel dönü\u015füm süreçlerini anlamay\u0131 amaçlamaktad\u0131r. Çal\u0131\u015fma, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’ndan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne geçi\u015f sürecindeki toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n dinamiklerini, bu dinamiklerin kimlik ve toplumsal aidiyet üzerindeki etkilerini ve bu süreçlerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal, kültürel ve siyasal k\u0131r\u0131lma noktalar\u0131n\u0131 alt\u0131 ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplar. Her bir dü\u015fünür ve kavram, Türk toplumunun tarihsel, sosyolojik ve kültürel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 daha derinlemesine anlamak için ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.</p>\n\n<p>Çal\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131, Türk toplumunun modernle\u015fme sürecinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimlik bunal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131, toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim dinamiklerini ve bu süreçlerde öne ç\u0131kan sosyal, kültürel ve dini çat\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 teorik bir zeminde analiz ederek, Türk dü\u015fünce tarihindeki temel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ortaya koymakt\u0131r. Çal\u0131\u015fma, her bir dü\u015fünürün geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi kavramlar\u0131n toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini ve modern Türk toplumunun kimlik, aidiyet, din ve medeniyet tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na nas\u0131l katk\u0131 sundu\u011funu analiz etmeyi hedeflemektedir.</p>\n\n<p>Bu çal\u0131\u015fma, Türkiye’nin modernle\u015fme ve toplumsal dönü\u015füm süreçlerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerilimleri ve k\u0131r\u0131lma noktalar\u0131n\u0131 anlama aç\u0131s\u0131ndan önemli bir kaynak te\u015fkil etmektedir. Türk dü\u015fünce tarihinde iz b\u0131rakan önemli isimlerin fikirlerini bir araya getirerek, toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n dinamiklerini ve bu dinamiklerin kimlik, aidiyet ve kültürel yap\u0131 üzerindeki etkilerini anlamay\u0131 amaçlamaktad\u0131r. Özellikle modernle\u015fme, kimlik ve medeniyet tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 günümüzde, çal\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sundu\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, Türk toplumunun kimlik aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fini anlamak aç\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Modernle\u015fme ve Toplumsal De\u011fi\u015fim Kavramlar\u0131</strong></p>\n\n<p>Çal\u0131\u015fmada, modernle\u015fme ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim sürecinde toplumsal yap\u0131daki de\u011fi\u015fimleri anlamak için dört önemli dü\u015fünür ve onlar\u0131n kavramlar\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lber Ortayl\u0131’n\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi “\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun En Uzun Yüzy\u0131l\u0131” kavram\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin 19. yüzy\u0131ldaki modernle\u015fme sürecinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sanc\u0131lar\u0131 ve bu sürecin sosyolojik etkilerini aç\u0131klamak için önemli bir referans noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Nermin Abadan Unat ise “Bitmeyen Göç” kavram\u0131 ile modernle\u015fme ve sanayile\u015fme sürecinde ortaya ç\u0131kan göç olgusunun toplumsal yap\u0131 üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyerek, Türkiye’nin k\u0131rsaldan kente geçi\u015f sürecini ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r. Cavit Orhan Tütengil’in “\u0130kili Yap\u0131” kavram\u0131, Türkiye’de modernle\u015fme sürecinde k\u0131rsal ve kentsel yap\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki dengesizli\u011fi ve bu dengesizli\u011fin toplumsal geli\u015fmeyi nas\u0131l sekteye u\u011fratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar. \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131’n\u0131n “Hakkaniyet Kavram\u0131” ise toplumsal adalet ve dengeyi sa\u011flama çabas\u0131n\u0131 vurgular, modernle\u015fme süreçlerinde toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n tesis edilmesi gerekti\u011fine dikkat çeker.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Kimlik, Milliyetçilik ve Sosyolojik Esaslar</strong></p>\n\n<p>Bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda, Türk toplumunun kimlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve milliyetçilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair be\u015f dü\u015fünür ve onlar\u0131n geli\u015ftirdikleri temel kavramlar ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yusuf Akçura’n\u0131n “Üç Tarz-\u0131 Siyaset” kavram\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin da\u011f\u0131lma sürecinde kimlik ve aidiyet sorunlar\u0131na dair üç farkl\u0131 politika modelini (Türkçülük, Osmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k) analiz eder. Sadri Maksudi Arsal’\u0131n “Milliyet Duygusunun Sosyolojik Esaslar\u0131” kavram\u0131, milliyetçili\u011fin yaln\u0131zca siyasal bir ideoloji de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyolojik bir olgu oldu\u011funu ve toplumsal kimlik ile aidiyet duygusunu nas\u0131l \u015fekillendirdi\u011fini aç\u0131klar. Seyyid Ahmed Arvasi’nin “\u0130leri Türk Milliyetçili\u011finin \u0130lkeleri” kavram\u0131, geleneksel de\u011ferlerle uyumlu ve ça\u011f\u0131n gereklerine uygun bir milliyetçilik modeli sunar. Remzi O\u011fuz Ar\u0131k’\u0131n “Anadoluculuk” kavram\u0131, Türk kimli\u011fini ve kültürel miras\u0131n\u0131 Anadolu merkezli bir bak\u0131\u015f aç\u0131s\u0131yla ele al\u0131rken, Hilmi Ziya Ülken’in “Soyaçekme” kavram\u0131 ise toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n genetik miras ve kültürel kal\u0131t\u0131m yoluyla nas\u0131l \u015fekillendi\u011fini ve kimlik in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n biyolojik ve sosyolojik temellerini inceler.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Din, Sekülerle\u015fme ve Laiklik</strong></p>\n\n<p>Bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda, din-toplum-devlet ili\u015fkilerini analiz eden üç dü\u015fünür ve kavramlar\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Durmu\u015f Hocao\u011flu’nun “Milli Sekülerizm” kavram\u0131, Türkiye’de sekülerle\u015fme sürecinin milli de\u011ferlerle nas\u0131l uyumlu hale getirilebilece\u011fini savunur ve dinin toplumdaki i\u015flevini korurken, modern devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 ile entegrasyonunu ele al\u0131r. Bahattin Ak\u015fit’in “Laikle\u015fme Tipolojisi” kavram\u0131 ise farkl\u0131 toplumlarda laikle\u015fme süreçlerinin i\u015fleyi\u015fini ve bu süreçlerin toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l dönü\u015ftürdü\u011fünü analiz eder. Sabri Ülgener’in “Zihniyet Söylemi” kavram\u0131, ekonomik kalk\u0131nma süreçlerinde din ve zihniyetin rolünü, ekonomik geli\u015fmenin kültürel ve dini temellerle nas\u0131l ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fini aç\u0131klayarak sosyo-ekonomik yap\u0131lar\u0131n derinlemesine incelenmesine katk\u0131da bulunur.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Toplumsalla\u015fma, Ahlak ve Sosyal Kontrol</strong></p>\n\n<p>Birey-toplum ili\u015fkisi ve toplumsal kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l \u015fekillendirdi\u011fini analiz eden dü\u015fünürler bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eerif Mardin’in “Mahalle Bask\u0131s\u0131” kavram\u0131, toplumsal kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n bireyler üzerindeki bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve sosyal çevrenin bireyin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l \u015fekillendirdi\u011fini ifade eder. Cahit Tanyol’un “Ahlak ve Toplum” kavram\u0131, ahlak\u0131n toplumsal yap\u0131daki rolünü ve ahlaki de\u011ferlerin toplum içindeki i\u015flevini inceler. Özcan Güngör’ün “Nesnelerin Sosyalle\u015ftirmesi” kavram\u0131, gündelik hayatta nesnelerin bireylerin kimlik ve toplumsalla\u015fma süreçlerindeki rolünü tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken; Hüsamettin Arslan’\u0131n “Epistemik Cemaat” kavram\u0131 ise bilgi topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funu ve bu topluluklar\u0131n dü\u015fünce yap\u0131lar\u0131 üzerindeki etkisini inceleyerek bilgi ve sosyal yap\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi anlamaya yönelik bir zemin sunar.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 \u0130kilemi ve Medeniyet Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131</strong></p>\n\n<p>Do\u011fu’nun manevi de\u011ferleri ile Bat\u0131’n\u0131n materyalist yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki gerilim, Türk toplumunun kimlik in\u015fas\u0131nda sürekli bir denge aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda, Samiha Ayverdi’nin “Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 Medeniyeti Üzerine Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131” Do\u011fu’nun ruhani de\u011ferlerinin Bat\u0131’n\u0131n maddi dünyas\u0131 ile dengelenmesi gerekti\u011fini savunur. Recep \u015eentürk’ün “Aç\u0131k Medeniyet” kavram\u0131, medeniyetler aras\u0131 diyalo\u011fun önemini vurgular ve çe\u015fitliliklerin birlikte var olmas\u0131n\u0131 savunan bir aç\u0131k medeniyet modeli önerir. Nurettin \u015eazi Kösemihal’in “Sanat ve Fikir \u0130\u015fçileri” kavram\u0131 ise sanatç\u0131lar ve entelektüel bireylerin toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimdeki rolünü incelerken; Vam\u0131k Volkan’\u0131n “Divandaki Dü\u015fmanlar” kavram\u0131, kimlik in\u015fas\u0131nda “d\u0131\u015f dü\u015fman” imgelerinin toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini ve bu imgelerin toplumlar\u0131n kendini tan\u0131mlama süreçlerindeki i\u015flevini aç\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.</p>",
"doi": "10.55709/okuokutyayinlari.64",
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"imprint": {
"isbn": "978-625-97648-0-1",
"place": "Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye",
"publisher": "Oku Okut Yay\u0131nlar\u0131"
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"keywords": [
"Sosyoloji",
"Din Sosyolojisi",
"T\u00fcrk D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri",
"Temel Kavramlar",
"T\u00fcrk Toplumu"
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"language": "tur",
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"notes": "A Thinker A Concept and Religion: This study examines the concepts developed by prominent thinkers in the Turkish intellectual tradition on themes such as modernization, identity, nationalism, religion, morality, social control, and the East-West civilization debate. By analyzing these concepts, the study aims to understand the social and cultural transformation processes of Turkish society. The research is organized under six main headings, focusing on the dynamic transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, the impact of these dynamics on identity and social belonging, and the resulting social, cultural, and political breaking points. Each thinker and their conceptual framework are addressed to provide a deeper understanding of the historical, sociological, and cultural structures within Turkish society.\n\nThe study's goal is to analyze the identity crises, dynamics of social change, and the emerging social, cultural, and religious conflicts that Turkish society experienced during its modernization process. It seeks to establish a theoretical basis for understanding the foundational approaches in Turkish thought history by examining how each thinker's conceptual contributions shaped social structures and influenced debates around identity, belonging, religion, and civilization in modern Turkish society. As such, the study serves as a valuable source for understanding the tensions and breaking points that T\u00fcrkiye faced in its journey of modernization and social transformation.\n\nModernization and Social Change Concepts\n\nThe study delves into the social changes brought about by modernization through the contributions of four prominent thinkers and their concepts. \u0130lber Ortayl\u0131's \"The Longest Century of the Empire\" concept critically examines the sociological implications of the Ottoman Empire's modernization process in the 19th century, highlighting the complexities and struggles of this transformation period. Nermin Abadan Unat introduces the \"Unending Migration\" concept to address the impact of modernization and industrialization on the social fabric, shedding light on the rural-to-urban migration patterns that defined T\u00fcrkiye's societal transition. Cavit Orhan T\u00fctengil's \"Dual Structure\" concept focuses on the imbalance between rural and urban structures during T\u00fcrkiye's modernization, emphasizing how this disparity hindered social development. Finally, \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131's \"Justice\" concept emphasizes the need for social justice and equilibrium in ensuring peace during modernization, stressing the importance of maintaining social balance for sustainable development.\n\nIdentity, Nationalism, and Sociological Foundations\n\nUnder this heading, five thinkers and their concepts are examined in relation to the quest for identity and nationalism in Turkish society. Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura's \"Three Policies\" concept outlines three distinct models of political identity (Turkism, Ottomanism, Islamism) proposed to address the identity and political dilemmas of the Ottoman Empire during its dissolution. Sadri Maksudi Arsal's \"Sociological Foundations of the National Sentiment\" concept frames nationalism not merely as a political ideology but as a sociological phenomenon that shapes identity and social belonging. Seyyid Ahmed Arvasi's \"Principles of Advanced Turkish Nationalism\" presents a model of nationalism that harmonizes traditional values with the demands of the modern era. Remzi O\u011fuz Ar\u0131k's \"Anatolianism\" centers on the Turkish identity and cultural heritage from an Anatolian perspective, while Hilmi Ziya \u00dclken's \"Heredity\" explores how social structures are shaped through genetic heritage and cultural transmission, addressing the biological and sociological foundations of identity construction.\n\nReligion, Secularization, and Laicism\n\nThis section examines the works of three thinkers on the relations between religion, society, and the state. Durmu\u015f Hocao\u011flu's \"National Secularism\" concept addresses how secularization in T\u00fcrkiye can be aligned with national values, emphasizing the integration of religion's social function with the modern state structure. Bahattin Ak\u015fit's \"Typology of Secularization\" explores how secularization processes vary across societies and their transformative impact on social structures. Sabri \u00dclgener's \"Mentality Discourse\" focuses on the role of religion and mentality in economic development, arguing that economic progress is closely tied to cultural and religious foundations, thereby contributing to a deeper analysis of socio-economic structures.\n\nSocialization, Morality, and Social Control\n\nThinkers in this section analyze how individual-society relations and social control mechanisms shape the social fabric. \u015eerif Mardin's \"Neighborhood Pressure\" concept reveals how societal control mechanisms exert pressure on individuals, shaping behaviors through social norms. Cahit Tanyol's \"Morality and Society\" examines the role of morality in social structures and its function in regulating society. \u00d6zcan G\u00fcng\u00f6r's \"Socialization of Objects\" discusses how everyday objects play a role in individuals' identity and socialization processes. H\u00fcsamettin Arslan's \"Epistemic Community\" concept addresses how knowledge communities form and influence thought patterns, highlighting the interplay between knowledge and social structures.\n\nEast-West Dichotomy and Civilization Debates\n\nThe tension between the spiritual values of the East and the materialist approach of the West has always created a need for balance in Turkish society's identity construction. Samiha Ayverdi's approach on \"East-West Civilization\" argues for the reconciliation of Eastern spirituality with Western materialism. Recep \u015eent\u00fcrk's \"Open Civilization\" emphasizes the significance of inter-civilizational dialogue, advocating for an open civilization model that embraces coexistence and diversity. Nurettin \u015eazi K\u00f6semihal's \"Art and Intellectual Workers\" concept examines the role of artists and intellectuals in social change, while Vam\u0131k Volkan's \"Enemies on the Couch\" concept explores how the \"external enemy\" images function in societal identity construction, highlighting the impact of these images on the self-definition processes of communities.\n\nOverall, these thinkers' concepts offer a multifaceted perspective for understanding T\u00fcrkiye's social structure and the effects of these dynamics on identity, belonging, and cultural debates. This study aims to contribute to the literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental approaches in Turkish thought and how they inform the discourse on modernization, identity, religion, and civilization.",
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