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High-rate synthetic aperture communications in shallow water

Song, H. C.; Hodgkiss, W. S.; Kuperman, W. A.; Akal, T.; Stevenson, M.


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{
  "DOI": "10.1121/1.3257184", 
  "abstract": "Time reversal communication exploits spatial diversity to achieve spatial and temporal focusing in complex ocean environments. Spatial diversity can be provided easily by a vertical array in a waveguide. Alternatively, spatial diversity can be obtained from a virtual horizontal array generated by two elements, a transmitter and a receiver, due to relative motion between them, referred to as a synthetic aperture. This paper presents coherent synthetic aperture communication results from at-sea experiments conducted in two different frequency bands: (1) 2-4 kHz and (2) 8-20 kHz. Case (1) employs binary-phase shift-keying modulation, while case (2) involves up to eight-phase shift keying modulation with a data rate of 30 kbits/s divided by the number of transmissions (diversity) to be accumulated. The receiver utilizes time reversal diversity combining followed by a single channel equalizer, with frequent channel updates to accommodate the time-varying channel due to coupling of space and time in the presence of motion. Two to five consecutive transmissions from a source moving at 4 kts over 3-6 km range in shallow water are combined successfully after Doppler compensation, confirming the feasibility of coherent synthetic aperture communications using time reversal.", 
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Song", 
      "given": " H. C."
    }, 
    {
      "family": "Hodgkiss", 
      "given": " W. S."
    }, 
    {
      "family": "Kuperman", 
      "given": " W. A."
    }, 
    {
      "family": "Akal", 
      "given": " T."
    }, 
    {
      "family": "Stevenson", 
      "given": " M."
    }
  ], 
  "container_title": "JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA", 
  "id": "95093", 
  "issue": "6", 
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2009, 
        1, 
        1
      ]
    ]
  }, 
  "page": "3057-3061", 
  "title": "High-rate synthetic aperture communications in shallow water", 
  "type": "article-journal", 
  "volume": "126"
}
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