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Artificial Wetlands in the Fight Against Global Warming: Reducing Carbon Footprint and Enhancing Biodiversity
Zariç, Özgür Eren;
Çelekli, Abuzer
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<subfield code="a"><p>Artificial wetlands have emerged as significant ecological assets in urban and regional frameworks, contributing to sustainability goals and climate mitigation strategies. These engineered ecosystems mirror the carbon sequestration capabilities of their natural counterparts by capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2, thereby serving as vital negative emission technologies in the fight against global warming. The process leverages anaerobic conditions to protect existing soil carbon while concurrently facilitating atmospheric CO2 sequestration through vegetation. Despite the potential release of greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4 due to anaerobic conditions, certain wetlands demonstrate a net greenhouse gas sink capability, where the carbon uptake substantially offsets climate-forcing emissions. This functionality underscores the importance of understanding carbon uptake drivers to optimize wetland management as a natural climate solution. Moreover, integrating artificial wetlands into urban areas fosters community resilience, reconnecting people with their local ecosystems and enabling collaborative governance for environmental management. Through place-based approaches, artificial wetlands address carbon-zero ambitions and enhance local biodiversity, providing many ecosystem services. These systems&#39; rehabilitation and sustained management are pivotal in preserving their role as carbon absorbers and fostering biodiversity amidst continuous climate change and urban development. In case studies, it has been observed that restored swamp areas rapidly turn into net CO2 sinks after restoration. Site-specific factors such as land cover and vegetation development are essential in annual carbon budgets. Studies show that the impacts of previous land uses and hydrological changes are mitigated, highlighting the potential of wetland restoration to provide effective long-term carbon sequestration. In conclusion, artificial wetlands are promising for mitigating climate change impacts through carbon sequestration and biodiversity enhancement. Their success depends on careful design, management, and integration into broader sustainability and climate adaptation frameworks. Future research should focus on optimizing wetland restoration practices to maximize their ecological benefits and explore their scalability.</p></subfield>
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