Three Dimensional (3D) Electromagnetic Field Distributions in the Air and Relative Diversity Gain

There exists 3-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic field distribution (EMFD) in the air and its components can be used for polarization discrimination (XPD) or equivalently diversity improvement. Measurements were carried out through shore roads and hillsides. The results show that the lowest XPD is obtained for hill side road area, and very high signal cross-correlation is achieved through shore road. Calculated values point out that 30dB extra relative gain can be obtained by using suitable 3 dimensional antenna design at shore sides, while 4.6 dB by hill-side roads.