COSMOLOGICAL PARTICLE CREATION: FLUCTUATIONS AND AN ENSEMBLE PICTURE

We point out that in the context of quantum fields in time-dependent classical backgrounds, the number of created particles with a given momentum largely deviates about its mean value. Since the corresponding Fourier modes are nonlocal, this deviation shows that the expectation value of the number operator can make sense only in an ensemble of space-times. Using a complete orthonormal family of localized wave packets, we show how an ensemble interpretation can be given to cosmological particle creation in local terms. The reheating process following inflation is re-examined in the light of this construction.