Measurement of electromagnetic radiation from GSM base stations

Electromagnetic radiations from GSM (Global Service for Mobile Communication) base stations were measured in the far-field region by using directional antennas (biconical-log/hybrid, hom antenna) and isotropic electric field probes and detected signals were analyzed by using low-resolution bandwidth (30 Hz) spectrum analyzer and field probe meter respectively. Electric fields of the electromagnetic radiations were measured in x, y and z orthogonal directions with vertical and horizontal polarizations. Amplitude. fluctuation of electromagnetic radiation of GSM base station were detected at long time interval (more than 8 hours) and analyzed using standard deviation and Allan variance statistics. The results and uncertainties of the electric field measurements by-biconical-log/hybrid antenna, horn antenna and electric field probe were compared. The measured electric field values of GSM base stations were compared to the value of reference levels for general public exposure to time-varying electric fields limits-of ICNRP Guidelines.