Partial dielectric loaded TEM-Horn design for UWB ground penetrating impulse radar systems

Ultra-wideband (UWB) TEM horn antennas are investigated for ground penetrating impulse radar systems. The partial dielectric-loaded TEM horn (PDTEM) structure is described that maintains UWB antenna characteristics over a bandwidth ratio greater than 20:1 to improve the impulse radiation characteristics. The partially loaded transmission line antenna method (PLTLM) is used to analyze PDTEM horns, efficiently. It is shown that high gain and low input reflection levels over the operational band can be achieved for TEM horns with proper dielectric, absorber and resistive loadings. ne performances of planar antennas and TEM horns are compared with measured data. Some adaptive antenna designs for the multi-sensor operations of GPR with EMI detector are presented.