Real-time Buried Object Detection Using LMMSE Estimation

We present the application of linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimation to GPR data for achieving buried object detection. Without employing any empirical assumptions, nonstationary form of Wiener-Hopf equations is applied to GPR signals to estimate the next sample in normal conditions. A large deviation from this estimation indicates the presence of a buried object. The technique is causal, which allows it to be used in real-time applications. Our approach is theoretically optimal in linear minimum mean square error sense, and it is also validated with the tests that are carried out on a comprehensive data set of GPR signals.