Sonophotocatalytic Degradation Kinetics of an Azo Dye Amaranth

The effect of parameters such as initial concentration of dyestuff, light intensity, presence and the amplitude of ultrasound energy and temperature on sonophotocatalytic degradation kinetics of a monoazo dye amaranth (acid red 27-AR 27) was studied. The sonophotocatalytic degradation rate followed pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to amaranth concentrations. The ultrasound energy did not influence the activation energy. It was observed that the reaction rate accelerated in the presence of ultrasound energy during the experiments. A general equation was obtained for sonophotocatalytic degradation kinetics of amaranth which included the effect of ultrasound energy: