Definition of landscape character areas and types in Side region, Antalya-Turkey with regard to land use planning

Landscape is the result of the interaction between humans and nature, which often conveys a different character to the land. Recently, land use and landscape planning decisions have been increasingly informed by landscape character assessment (LCA) studies. In this study, LCA methodology was tested at the local scale in Side in the Turkish Mediterranean and its role in the planning system in Turkey is discussed. Here, a combination of two approaches was used: a moderative and technical approach based on an evaluation of different biophysical layers, and an interpretive approach based on the visual and perceptive qualities of the landscape. Side ancient town, Side-Sorgun sand dunes and forest and agricultural lands, on undulating topography covered by macchia, with traditional land use patterns and a distinct and recollective character, are unique landscapes both for Side and the Turkish Mediterranean. Land use planning in Turkey evolves from a top-down, state-led government process. The most relevant planning level at which LCA can be integrated is the Environmental Order Plan (EOP), but a multitude of planning institutions and legislation, and rapid transformation of landscape characters, weaken the capacity of LCA in land use policy and planning in Turkey. Elaborating LCA studies into landscape plans and calling for its integration within spatial planning has potential for the Turkish planning system, but innovative approaches are still needed to include public participation and planning processes with landscape quality objectives through LCA. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.