Hybrid metal-organic nanoflowers and their application in biotechnology and medicine

Nanoflowers - new nanostructures - have aroused the interest of scientists due to the topographic features of nanolayers, the special location of which allows a higher surface-to-volume ratio compared to classic spherical nanoparticles, which significantly increases the efficiency of surface reactions for nanoflowers. The main purpose of these types of nanomaterials is their use as enzyme stabilizers. To facilitate the functioning of enzymes under different conditions, organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials have been developed, the name of which indicates that all components of inorganic nanoparticles are associated with organic materials. These nanoparticles have many promising applications in catalysis, as biosensors, and for drug delivery. Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers have led to the development of a new branch of chemistry - the chemistry of hybrid nanomaterials - in which research is rapidly developing. Thus, studying organic-inorganic hybrid nanocrystals can lead to creative new solutions in the field of chemistry of enzyme systems and the rapid development of bionanomaterials and new biotechnology industries. Present review focuses on wide biomedical applications of nanoflowers including biocatalysis, detection of substances, electrochemical biosensors based on nanoflowers, photosensitizers, drug and gene carriers and detection of various diseases, photothermal and other treatments. It will be interesting for wide range of scientists focusing in topic of new kinds of nanoparticles.