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Published January 1, 2019 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Recent advances on hydrometallurgical recovery of critical and precious elements from end of life electronic wastes-a review

Creators

  • 1. IHE Delft Inst Water Educ, Dept Environm Engn & Water Technol, Westvest 7, NL-2611 AX Delft, Netherlands
  • 2. Italian Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Sustainabl, ENEA, Rome, Italy
  • 3. Suleyman Demirel Univ, Dept Min Engn, Mineral Proc Div, Mineral Met Recovery & Recycling MMR&R Res Grp, Isparta, Turkey
  • 4. Karadeniz Tech Univ, Dept Min Engn, Mineral & Coal Proc Div, Hydromet B&PM Grp, Trabzon, Turkey
  • 5. Univ Novi Sad, Dept Environm Engn & Safety Work, Novi Sad, Serbia
  • 6. Univ Lisbon, C2TN, Inst Super Tecn, Bobadela, Lrs, Portugal
  • 7. Hamburg Univ Technol, Inst Environm Technol & Energy Econ, Hamburg, Germany
  • 8. Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Quim, LAQV REQUIMTE, Porto, Portugal
  • 9. Inst Met Niezelaznych, Gliwice, Poland

Description

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) contains economically significant levels of precious, critical metals and rare earth elements, apart from base metals and other toxic compounds. Recycling and recovery of critical elements from WEEEs using a cost-effective technology are now one of the top priorities in metallurgy due to the rapid depletion of their natural resources. More than 150 publications on WEEE management, leaching and recovery of metals from WEEE were reviewed in this work, with special emphasize on the recent research (2015-2018). This paper summarizes the recent progress regarding various hydrometallurgical processes for the leaching of critical elements from WEEEs. Various methodologies and techniques for critical elements selective recovery (using ionic liquids, solvent extraction, electrowinning, adsorption, and precipitation) from the WEEEs leachates are discussed. Future prospects regarding the use of WEEEs as secondary resources for critical raw materials and its techno-economical and commercial beneficiaries are discussed.

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