Photoinitiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Perspectives

In macromolecular and material science, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has intensely influenced the research strategies facilitating fabrication of a wide range of polymers with well-defined structures and functions and their conjugation with biomolecules. Recently, the required copper (I) catalyst for ATRP process is generated by photoinduced redox reactions involving the in situ reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I). Photochemically initiated reactions provide several distinct advantages, including temporal and spatial controls, rapid and energy efficient activation. The process is based on photoredox reactions of copper catalysts under various radiation sources with or without various photoinitiators. This Highlight focuses on the historical development, mechanistic aspects, limitations, and opportunities of photoinitiated ATRP along with selected examples. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.