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Published January 1, 2020 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Marine Anticancer Agents: An Overview with a Particular Focus on Their Chemical Classes

Creators

  • 1. Univ Palermo, Dept Biol Chem & Pharmaceut Sci & Technol STEBICE, I-90123 Palermo, Italy
  • 2. Inst Prod Nat & Agrobiol IPNA CSIC, Tenerife 38206, Spain
  • 3. Univ La Laguna ULL, Inst Univ Bioorgan Antonio Gonzalez IUBO AG, Tenerife 38200, Spain
  • 4. Manisa Celal Bayar Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Bioengn, TR-45119 Manisa, Turkey
  • 5. Ege Univ Applicat, Res Ctr Testing & Anal EGE MATAL, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey
  • 6. Univ Sarajevo, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg
  • 7. Univ Cote dAzur, CNRS, Inst Chim Nice, Marine Nat Prod Team,UMR 7272, F-06108 Nice, France
  • 8. USI, Inst Oncol Res, Fac Biomed Sci, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
  • 9. Natl Inst Biol, Marine Biol Stn Piran, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
  • 10. NOVA Univ Lisbon, Fac Sci & Technol, Blue Biotechnol & Biomed Lab, UCIBIO Appl Biomol Sci Unit,Dept Chem, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal

Description

The marine environment is a rich source of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases, especially cancer. The adaptation to unique environmental conditions led marine organisms to evolve different pathways than their terrestrial counterparts, thus producing unique chemicals with a broad diversity and complexity. So far, more than 36,000 compounds have been isolated from marine micro- and macro-organisms including but not limited to fungi, bacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, sponges, corals, mollusks and tunicates, with hundreds of new marine natural products (MNPs) being discovered every year. Marine-based pharmaceuticals have started to impact modern pharmacology and different anti-cancer drugs derived from marine compounds have been approved for clinical use, such as: cytarabine, vidarabine, nelarabine (prodrug of ara-G), fludarabine phosphate (pro-drug of ara-A), trabectedin, eribulin mesylate, brentuximab vedotin, polatuzumab vedotin, enfortumab vedotin, belantamab mafodotin, plitidepsin, and lurbinectedin. This review focuses on the bioactive molecules derived from the marine environment with anticancer activity, discussing their families, origin, structural features and therapeutic use.

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