Ameliorative effects of melatonin against nano and ionic cobalt induced genotoxicity in twoin vivoDrosophila assays

The aim of this study is to evaluate the ameliorative effect of melatonin (MEL) against induced genotoxicity by cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) (50 nm). Genotoxicity of CoCl(2)and CoNPs were investigated using single cell gel electrophoresis (COMET) inDrosophila melanogasterhemocytes, which are blood cells of theDrosophila,and the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) was used to investigate mutant effects on theDrosophilawings. Three concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mM) of CoNPs and CoCl(2)were applied to demonstrate their genotoxic potential. Both CoNPs and CoCl(2)have mutagenic potential for the three concentrations tested in the COMET assay; however, only the 10 mM concentration of the ionic form and two high concentrations (1 and 10 mM) of CoNPs induced genotoxicity in theDrosophilaSMART assay. Three different concentrations of MEL (0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 mM) were used against cobalt at highest concentration (10 mM) of both CoCl(2)and CoNPs in both the SMART and COMET assays. MEL ameliorated the genotoxicity induced by CoCl(2)and CoNPsin vivo DrosophilaCOMET and SMART assays.