EFFECT OF LIGHT, TEMPERATURE, AND DIFFERENT PRE-TREATMENTS ON SEED GERMINATION OF CAMPANULA GLOMERATA L. SUBSP HISPIDA (WITASEK) HAYEK (CAMPANULACEAE)

The study was undertaken to determine the effects of different pre-treatments, temperature regimes, and light on the germination of Campanula glomerata L. subsp. hispida (Witasek) Hayek collected from nature. In the first experiment, the effects of a total of 20 different treatments including gibberellic acid (GA(3)), stratification, and control groups were investigated. The germination test was carried out at +20 degrees C under photo period (12/12 h dark/light) conditions. The second experiment was a germination test on seeds treated with 1000 mg l(-1) GA(3) under 4 different temperature regimes (15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 10/20 degrees C) and two different light periods (continuous darkness and photoperiod). Germination was quantified as final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), and germination index (GI). Control seeds had final germination 13.5%, mean germination time of 15.2 days, and germination index value of 0.4. The most successful germination results were obtained from exposure to 750 mg l(-1) GA(3) (FGP: 73.0%, MGT: 7.8 days, GI: 4.8) and 1000 mg l(-1) GA(3) (FGP: 76.0%, MGD: 8.0 days, GI: 5.2) for 24 h. When different temperature regimes and light periods are examined, the highest germination percentage was obtained at 20 degrees C under photoperiod and continuous darkness conditions (88.0% and 76.5%, respectively).