Determination of resistance and resistance mechanisms to thiacloprid in Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations collected from apple orchards in Isparta Province, Turkey

The codling moth, Cydia pomenella is considered as the most important pest of apple worldwide and it causes significant economic losses yearly in orchards where it is not controlled effectively. The purpose of this study was to determine the resistance ratios to thiacloprid and the detoxification enzymes of Cydia pomonella from apple orchards in Isparta, Turkey. Populations of codling moth were collected from six orchards in the region and the diapausing larvae were treated with thiacloprid and chlorpyrifos by topical application.