Accelerated formation of BaTiO3 ceramics with mechanochemical processing in different liquids

BaTiO3 powders were synthesized from BaCO3 and TiO2 with mechanochemical processing using a shaker by solid-state reactions in distilled water, methanol, and acetone. Decomposition of BaCO3, disproportionation of the liquids and hydrous titanium oxide are led to formation of the BaTiO3 ceramics. The liquids are accelerated the formation of BaTiO3 dependent on the O-H bands of the liquids structure. More O-H bands increased the density of the calcined powders, and improved the microstructure of sintered BaTiO3 ceramics. The density of the calcined powders is 4.67, 3.66, and 3.49 g/cm(3) for the water, methanol, and acetone respectively. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy analysis were verified the structure of BaTiO3. The differences of the microstructure are clearly shown that the micrographs of sintered pellets by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Depending on the liquid, the process led directly to normal and abnormal grain growth of the sintered samples. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.