Development and characterization of camphor-loaded ozonated olive oil nanoemulsions

The purpose of present study is to prepare and characterize camphor-loaded ozonated olive oil nanoemulsions (NEs). In this study, olive oils were ozonated with different times (up to 24 h) and their viscosities were examined. NEs were prepared by high-energy ultrasonication technique and characterized according to droplet size distribution, zeta potential, microscopic evaluation, and storage stability. The effect of oil phase/aqueous phase volume ratio, sonication time, and co-solvent (glycerol) on formulations were evaluated. 6 h ozonated olive oil was chosen for developing NEs due to its liquid form and viscosity (189 mPas). The obtained camphor-loaded NEs (with or without glycerol) had nearly 300 nm droplet size with negative zeta potential. Microscopic analysis revealed the spherical shape of droplets. The long-term stability tests showed that camphor-loaded NEs with glycerol were more stable than NEs without glycerol at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C. According to the results, ozonated olive oil based NEs with glycerol might be promising nanosystems for topical delivery of camphor.