MXene-based composites: A new generation material for the sample preparation and pre-concentration of the traces of organic species in environmental samples: A comprehensive review

The rapid expansion of industrialization has resulted in escalating environmental pollution, highlighting the urgent need for the development of efficient materials to mitigate harmful toxins. Researchers are increasingly focused on developing novel sustainable materials with unique properties for advanced sample preparation and the monitoring of harmful contaminants, in integration with advancements in material science. MXenes-based materials have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their intriguing physical and chemical properties. MXenes exhibit remarkable adsorption properties, effective sample preparation, and improved preconcentration efficiency in the extraction of diverse organic contaminants. This review highlights the characteristics of MXene-based composites. This review emphasizes the essential role of MXene-based materials in sample preparation, particularly in solid phase extraction and solid phase microextraction, for the study of trace organic contaminants such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, phenols, and pesticides.