A cost-effective and sustainable path to a green future: Retrofitting internal combustion engines for hydrogen fuel utilization

As a part of the ongoing efforts globally to prevent global warming, the utilization of the green hydrogen is seen as a crucial tool for achieving the goals of the "Green Deal Action Plan". This study aims to promote the widespread usage of the hydrogen in conventional engines and test infrastructure, which is considered a costeffective and sustainable path to a green future. It provides insights into the practical transformation of existing engine and test infrastructures for hydrogen, focusing on a cost-effective transition. The experiments demonstrate hydrogen's high efficiency and ease of load control by reaching ultra-lean conditions. Additionally, it presents a compelling case for its environmental benefits, with near-zero emissions. Challenges in NOx control through stoichiometric conditions (lambda < 1.8) are observed (>150 ppm), indicating a need for control optimization. The study also addresses hydrogen's lower power output for external mixture preparation, offering insights for enhancing its integration into conventional systems.