Proximate analysis of sea cucumbers (Parastichopus regalis Cuvier, 1817) from Türkiye, and health risk assessment of the metal/metalloid contents

Sea cucumbers, particularly Parastichopus regalis (royal sea cucumber), are a highly valued delicacy in Asian cuisine. However, these marine organisms may accumulate contaminants such as metals and metalloids, posing health risks. This study investigates the proximate composition of sea cucumber and the health risks associated with the consumption of P. regalis from the Marmara Sea due to metal contamination. Sampling was conducted through shrimp trawling and SCUBA diving. Metal/metalloid levels were analyzed using ICP-MS. In P. regalis, the highest levels found elements iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were 5.69-21.34 and 6.32-14.35 mg/kg, respectively, while the lowest levels for cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) were 0.06-0.13 and 0.00-0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Health risk assessments based on metal/metalloid levels were made using Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Cancer Risk (CR) calculations. The study focused on Turkish and East Asian consumers. Seasonal variations in nutrient composition (protein, lipid, moisture, and ash) and metal levels were observed. While the consumption of P. regalis generally fell within safe limits, cadmium (Cd) posed a potential cancer risk for frequent consumers, particularly in East Asia. This study provides critical data for establishing consumption guidelines and highlights the importance of regular monitoring to minimize health risks.