Evaluation of Oleander (<i>Nerium oleander</i> L.) Plant Extract and Hydrosol as a Protective Agent on Wood Material and Its Effects on Physical Performance

This study explored the applicability of oleander (Nerium oleander L.) extract and hydrosol as protective agents for wood materials. The research examined their effects on the physical properties of red pine (Pinus brutia), Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), and walnut (Juglans regia) following an impregnation process. Wood samples were treated with oleander-based solutions using the dipping method and then subjected to water immersion for various durations to assess retention, specific gravity, shrinkage, swelling, and water uptake. The results indicated that while oleander extract had no significant impact on wood retention, hydrosol enhanced water resistance and dimensional stability. However, the use of mordant increased shrinkage percentages, particularly in Oriental beech and walnut at prolonged exposure times. These findings suggest that hydrosol-based treatments can contribute to improving wood durability, offering an environmentally friendly alternative for wood preservation.