Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Biological Activities of <i>Arnebia densiflora</i>

The Arnebia genus has been traditionally used in folk medicine across the world for the treatment of wounds, ulcers, and various ailments such as headaches, coughs, colds, and kidney or urinary disorders, owing to its antiseptic and healing properties. This study evaluated the antiurease, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of different extracts from Arnebia densiflora (A. densiflora). A. densiflora methanol extract was found to have the strongest antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC) potential. In enzyme inhibition activities, A. densiflora methanol extract showed higher anticholinesterase (IC50: 0.29 mg/mL) and antiurease (%77.50 +/- 2.96) activities than other extracts. It is noteworthy that the methanol extract has antimicrobial activity, especially against Pseudomomas aeruginosa, Staphyloccus species, E. coli, and A. baumannii. In our study, it was found that the methanol extract was more effective in terms of biofilm inhibition rate and could inhibit P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilm by up to 52%. According to the findings, it was determined that methanol extract contains fumaric acid (10.33 mu g), rosmarinic acid (13.56 mu g), and 4-OH benzoic acid (1.79 mu g). The data suggested that the methanol extract of the plant contains various polyphenols and has a stronger therapeutic activity potential than other extracts.