Effects of chemical fungicides combined with plant resistance inducers against <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> in turfgrass

One of the most common and causative diseases problems disease in turfgrass areas in T & uuml;rkiye is leaf blight, root and crown rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. The fungus causes great damage especially in parks, refuges, and golf courses, and needs to be managed. This study aimed to determine some activators alone or in combination with effective fungicides at different doses against B. sorokiniana, to reduce the use of fungicides in the control of the disease. In the study, the effects of combinations of different doses of some fungicides with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Arthrobacter sp. and a harpin protein determined to be effective in in vitro studies were investigated in greenhouse and field conditions in two different provinces. The highest effect was obtained in the combination of (Lactobacillus acidophilus-(Azoxystrobin+Difenocazole)), which was used at the recommended dose (94.70% effect) and the recommended dose of Azoxystrobin+Difenocazole (92.57% effect). The (Lactobacillus acidophilus-(Azoxystrobin+Difenocazole 1st subdose)) application, in which a lower dose of fungicide was used, ranked 4th with an 89.50% effect. When Lactobacillus acidophilus, Arthrobacter sp. and Harpin were used alone, they were found to be 82.53%, 72.17%, and 66.63% effective against the disease, respectively. As a result, environmentally friendly low-dose fungicide, and activator combination (Lactobacillus acidophilus-(Azoxystrobin+Difenocazole 1. subdose)), and (Arthrobacter sp.-(Epoxiconazole+Pyraclostrobin 1st sub-dose)) applications were found to be promising in the control of B. sorokiniana in turfgrass areas. When considered only as an activator application, the 82.53% effect value obtained in Lactobacillus acidophilus applications was found to be promising for the disease. It can be recommended as a disease suppressant, and at the same time environmentally friendly application.