Synthesis and microstructural characterization of delta-phase bismuth-based electroceramic systems by double-doping regime

In this study, Bi2O3-based (Er2O3)(x)(Gd2O3)(y)(Bi2O3)(1-x-y) ternary compound powders were synthesized with different stoichiometric ratios by the solid-state reaction method at different annealing treatment. Crystal structure characterization was investigated via X-ray powder diffraction method in order to determine the fcc-cubic phases powders. Microstructure properties of pellet samples obtained from scanning electron microscopy. Also, thermal properties and porosity were investigated via differential thermal analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. delta-Phase structure was provided at all ternary samples at 800 degrees C heat treatment temperature. The relationship between lattice parameters and total dopant rate was analyzed. As the amount of dopant rate increased, lattice parameters were increased. In conclusion, a correlation between the ionic radius of the dopant cations and lattice parameters was revealed.