ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE OF UNDERWATER NOISE IN THE MARMARA SEA: IMPULSIVE AND AMBIENT NOISE

This study focused on investigating the sources of impulsive and ambient noise in the Marmara Sea. Vessel traffic density and activities in major ports, fishing shelters, shipyards, and anchorages were found to significantly contribute to increased ambient noise. The study analyzed annual vessel density maps of tankers and cargo vessels from 2017 to 2020 and obtained records of impulsive noise sources during this period. Cargo ships and tankers were identified as the major contributors to underwater noise, particularly in the busy maritime routes of Istanbul and Canakkale Straits. Vessel density maps highlighted the areas with the highest traffic, such as the Gulf of Izmit, the straits and approaches, and the southern anchorage area of the Istanbul Strait. Fishing boat density maps proved useful for studying statistical fishing activities. Furthermore, the study emphasized the significance of impulsive noise recordings being established for the first time in the Marmara Sea. These records are valuable for understanding noise sources, assessing environmental impacts, conducting noise pollution research, and implementing mitigation measures in the Marmara Sea.