Evaluating the Performance of Tier 2 Transformers with Copper and Aluminum Windings: Impact on Energy Efficiency and EU Regulation Compliance

This research explores the performance of four different Tier 2 dry-type transformers, which vary in power ratings of 1600 kVA and 2500 kVA, as well as in their winding materials, specifically copper and aluminum. The transformers under analysis include a 1600 kVA transformer with copper windings, a 1600 kVA transformer with aluminum windings, a 2500 kVA transformer with copper windings, and a 2500 kVA transformer with aluminum windings. The main aim of this study is to assess the performance of these various configurations regarding energy efficiency, weight, cost, and overall operational characteristics. A particular focus is given to compliance with EU Regulation 548/2014, which establishes energy efficiency standards for transformers used within the European Union. This regulation mandates that transformers meet specific efficiency levels to minimize energy consumption and reduce environmental impact. Through a comparison of copper and aluminum windings, the study aims to provide information about how each material and power rating impacts both the performance and compliance of the transformer with EU548 standards. The results will assist manufacturers and engineers in optimizing transformer designs, ensuring regulatory compliance while balancing cost, durability, and energy efficiency.