Recent advances in cellulose-based aerogels for meat packaging: Fabrication, modifications, functionality, and preservation mechanisms

Background: Cellulose-based aerogels have gained attention as a promising alternative to conventional packaging materials due to their remarkable characteristics, such as high surface area, low density, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. These materials offer significant potential for enhancing meat preservation by addressing key challenges such as microbial growth, oxidation, and moisture loss, all of which contribute to the spoilage of meat products. With the increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly packaging solutions, cellulose-based aerogels present an innovative approach to extend the shelf life of meat while minimizing environmental impact. Scope and approach: This review covers the fabrication strategies, functional modifications, and preservation mechanisms of cellulose-based aerogels in meat preservation. The scope includes the exploration of various synthesis techniques, such as sol-gel, freeze-drying, and supercritical drying, and their effects on the structure and performance of aerogels. Furthermore, the review examines the incorporation of bioactive agents and natural preservatives to enhance the functionality of these aerogels. A critical analysis is provided of their impact on functional properties and the release of active agents, which are essential factors in meat preservation. Key findings and conclusion: Cellulose aerogels can be successfully modified through crosslinking and the integration of nanoparticles to enhance their mechanical strength, moisture retention capacity, and antimicrobial activity. The incorporation of bioactive agents improves the aerogels' ability to control microbial growth and delay oxidation, which are crucial factors in maintaining meat quality. Additionally, cellulose aerogels have demonstrated effective moisture retention, oxygen barrier properties, and slow release of active compounds, contributing significantly to meat preservation.