Salicylic acid delivery from nose to brain with three-dimensionally produced microneedles: A potential approach to migraine treatment

In this research, three-dimensional microneedles (MNs) were produced by a DLP 3D printer. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was used as a matrix material to obtain MNs, and salicylic acid (SA) was loaded to investigate the release behavior of the SA from the needles. The morphological analysis of MNs was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the results proved the conical structure of the MNs. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of the MNs was performed using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and the formulations were found to be biocompatible.