Design and Optimization of Two-Dimensional Nano-Arrays for Beam Steering

We consider design and optimization of nanoarrays involving two-dimensional arrangements of nanoparticles. Similar to their counterparts used at the lower frequencies, nanoantennas can be arranged periodically to achieve directive and/or controllable radiation patterns at optical frequencies. While nanoantenna geometries are usually simple due to restrictions in nanoscale fabrications, their robust analysis still requires accurate simulation tools that model strong plasmonic interactions between particles. We use a full-wave optimization environment based on heuristic algorithms and surface integral equations to optimize two-dimensional nano-arrays and to shape their radiation patterns for nano-optical applications.