Comparison of conventional steam distillation and industrial-type microwave-assisted distillation systems for lavandin (<i>Lavandula</i> x <i>intermedia</i> Emeric Ex Loisel): Energy consumption, essential oil yield, and quality

Lavandula essential oils are widely used in various industries, including cosmetics and aromatherapy, due to their therapeutic benefits. Lavandula x intermedia Emeric Ex Loisel, known for its high oil yield, is a preferred choice for production. However, conventional steam distillation (CD) methods suffer from prolonged processing times and high energy consumption. This study evaluates a microwave-assisted distillation (MWAD) system at industrial-scale, comparing it with the CD. The MWAD, tested with different powers and durations, showed up to a 10% increase in oil yield and a 50% reduction in distillation time compared to the CD. Additionally, the MWAD consumed 25% less energy, resulting in energy savings of 25-33%. Minor changes in essential oil components were observed with the MWAD, indicating its suitability for industrial applications. These findings demonstrate the potential of MWAD for efficient large-scale essential oil production.