Universal Prediction of CO₂ Adsorption on Zeolites Using Machine Learning: A Comparative Analysis with Langmuir Isotherm Models

The global atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) has exceeded 420 ppm. Adsorption-based carbon capture technologies, offer energy-efficient, sustainable solutions. Relying on classical adsorption models like Langmuir to predict CO2 uptake presents limitations due to the need for case-specific parameter fitting. To address this, the present study introduces a universal machine learning (ML) framework using multiple algorithms-Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Feed-forward Multilayer Perceptron (DL), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gradient Boosted Trees (GBT)-to reliably predict CO2 adsorption capacities across diverse zeolite structures and conditions. By compiling over 5700 experimentally measured adsorption data points from 71 independent studies, this approach systematically incorporates critical factors including pore size, Si/Al ratio, cation type, temperature, and pressure. Rigorous Cross-Validation confirmed superior performance of the GBT model (R-2 = 0.936, RMSE = 0.806 mmol/g), outperforming other ML models and providing comparable performance with classical Langmuir model predictions without separate parameter calibration. Feature importance analysis identified pressure, Si/Al ratio, and cation type as dominant influences on adsorption performance. Overall, this ML-driven methodology demonstrates substantial promise for accelerating material discovery, optimization, and practical deployment of zeolite-based CO2 capture technologies.