Optimization of Na2Ti3O7 nanowire synthesis conditions for reliable BaTiO3 nanowires production

In this study, a two-step hydrothermal synthesis method involving the development of a precursor interphase and its conversion into multifunctional BaTiO3 nanowires was employed. Na2Ti3O7 powders were developed as the precursor intermediate phase, and the synthesis conditions were optimized by investigating the effects of experimental parameters such as the NaOH:TiO2mole ratio, reaction temperature, and stirring rate on the structure and phase composition of the precursor. By adjusting the experimental parameters, the precursor intermediate phase with the desired phase composition and nanowire morphology was successfully obtained. It was observed that varying the NaOH:TiO2ratio from 2:1 to 64:1 had a significant impact on the phase development and morphology of the intermediate phase. The precursor intermediate phase was successfully converted into BaTiO3 nanowires via a second hydrothermal reaction. XRD, SEM, EDX, TG and FTIR analyses confirmed that obtained BaTiO3 nanowires had a high aspect ratio and single-phase composition.