Anatomical characteristics and bioactivities of Vitis vinifera L. (Cv. Atasarisi) leaves

Vitis vinifera L. is widely cultivated throughout the world, and its various parts are used for various purposes in traditional medicine. Anatomical examination of the powder samples of V. vinifera cv. Atasar & imath;s & imath; leaves defined characteristic anatomical elements such as cross-section of lamina, upper epidermis with palisade parenchyma, lower epidermis with anomocytic stomata, druses in mesophyll, raphides, multicellular covering trichomes with thick cuticle, and stellate trichomes. As a result of the analysis of phenolic compounds in the methanol extract of the leaves, catechin (3.8850 +/- 0.1618 mg/g) was determined as the main compound, followed by rutin (2.4406 +/- 0.1356 mg/g) and chlorogenic acid (2.1112 +/- 0.1078 mg/g). The broth microdilution method was used to examine the antibacterial activity of the leaf methanol extract. In the study, it was determined that the leaf extract showed antibacterial activity against especially Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus feacalis with 100 mu g/mL MIC value. Leaf methanol extract showed strong antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging activity method, while moderate activity was observed by metal chelation capacity method. The leaf extract significantly displayed cytotoxic effect against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with 175.826 mu g/mL and 263.582 mu g/mL IC50 values, respectively. The binding potentials of the major phytocomponents to the estrogen receptor beta target were explored to elucidate the possible mechanism of action for the observed cytotoxic effect of the extract. The docking study disclosed that the major phytocomponents of the extract had the potential to bind to the target but less than the native ligand. V. vinifera cv. Atasar & imath;s & imath; leaves exhibit strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities and a significant cytotoxic effect against breast cancer cells, potentially mediated through interaction with estrogen receptor beta.