Hybrid Potential-Field Formulation for Densely Discretized Composite Conductors with Open and Closed Surfaces

This paper examines accurate and efficient analyses of densely discretized composite conductors consisting of open and closed surfaces. A novel surface-integral-equation formulation, namely the hybrid potential-field formulation (HPFF), is proposed by appropriately employing field and potential formulations on composite problems. HPFF is not susceptible to both low-frequency breakdowns and internal-resonance problems. Numerical examples show the superior performance of HPFF compared to other available formulations, specifically for densely discretized structures with both open and closed surfaces.