Performance investigation of UAVs ad hoc networks with 3D Markov chain model

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as drones, are extensively utilized in civilian and military endeavors owing to their mobility, affordability, communication capabilities, and the elimination of risks to human pilots. The IEEE 802.11 provides medium access control (MAC) and physical layer specifications for UAVs ad hoc networks. This paper uses the analysis model to analyze the performance of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocols in UAV ad hoc networks, based on the 3D Markov chain model. We consider a non-saturated condition and the special features of UAV ad hoc networks, like their high mobility and three-dimensional (3D) nature. This study derives relationships between several factors and performance indicators, like throughput and packet dropping rate (PDR). Moreover, numerical results are presented.