Relationship between chronotype, healthy lifestyle behaviors, sleep quality and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

This cross-sectional and correlational study examined the relationship between chronotype and healthy lifestyle behaviors, sleep quality, and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data was collected from 122 patients using a Patient Information Form, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale-II, and the Richard-Campbell Sleep Scale. In addition, smartwatches were used to measure objective physiological parameters. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were employed to assess relationships between continuous variables. The results revealed no significant differences in smartwatch-derived parameters among different chronotypes. However, individuals with a morning chronotype demonstrated significantly higher scores in healthy lifestyle behaviors and sleep quality, although glycemic control parameters did not exhibit significant differences across chronotypes. The study suggests that future research should focus on assessing the efficacy of individualized circadian rhythm-targeted interventions to enhance lifestyle behaviors and glycemic control in diabetic patients with varying chronotypes.