Isolation and Characterization of Compounds from Truffle <i>Melanogaster broomenaus</i> and their Bioactivities

Melanogaster broomeanus Berk. is a type of truffle common in pine, oak, and hazelnut forests and which naturally spreads in the Black Sea, Mediterranean, South-West Anatolia in Turkey, is consumed as food and traded. Chemical investigation of M. broomenaus led to isolate of ten known compounds namely, brassicasterol (1), ergosterol (2), ergosterol peroxide (3), 5 alpha, 6 alpha-epoxy ergosta-7,22-diene-3 beta-ol (4), trametenolic acid (5), maleic acid (6), fumaric acid (7), mannitol (8), kojibiose (9) and trehalose (10). Assessments of the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, anti-urease, and cytotoxic properties of extracts and isolated compounds were carried out. Compound 5 showed the highest cytotoxic activity against H-1299 with IC50: 23.78 +/- 0.98 mu g/mL, while compound 2 demonstrated most potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 with IC50: 30.91 +/- 0.15 mu g/ml. Also, compound 5 showed the highest antioxidant activity in all methods, particularly in DPPH and ABTS assays with IC50 values of 90.24 +/- 0.87, 75.41 +/- 0.10 mu g/mL, respectively. Similarly, compound 5 exhibited highest activity with 38.84 +/- 1.22 % and 44.58 +/- 0.96 % inhibitions against AChE and BChE, respectively, while compound 7 were found to be most potent inhibitory against urease with value of 55.20 +/- 0.45 % at 100 mu g/mL concentration. These findings suggest that M. broomenaus, like numerous other edible mushrooms, is a steroid-rich truffle and a potential source of steroids.