Scalable deposition of MASnI₂Br-based perovskite solar cells via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

All layers of MASnI(2)Br-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The depositions of the layers were carried out in a large area. The perovskite thin film deposited on FTO/TiO2 had large grains. The crystallite size of the film was calculated as 90nm from the XRD pattern. The bandgap of 1.54 eV was determined from the UV-visible measurement of MASnI(2)Br thin film. The PSCs with the different active areas (0.3 cm(2) and 3.18 cm(2)) were fabricated. The champion cells' power conversion efficiencies were recorded at 0.181% and 0.120% for 0.3 cm(2) and 3.18 cm(2), respectively.