Measurements of the production cross-section for a Z boson in association with b- or c-jets in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the production cross-section of a Z boson in association with b- or c-jets, in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 ${\text{fb}}^{-1}$ . Inclusive and differential cross-sections are measured for events containing a Z boson decaying into electrons or muons and produced in association with at least one b-jet, at least one c-jet, or at least two b-jets with transverse momentum ${p}_{\text{T}}>20$ GeV and rapidity $|y|<2.5$ . Predictions from several Monte Carlo generators based on next-to-leading-order matrix elements interfaced with a parton-shower simulation, with different choices of flavour schemes for initial-state partons, are compared with the measured cross-sections. The results are also compared with novel predictions, based on infrared and collinear safe jet flavour dressing algorithms. Selected $Z+\ge 1\phantom{\rule{3.33333pt}{0ex}}c$ -jet observables, optimized for sensitivity to intrinsic-charm, are compared with benchmark models with different intrinsic-charm fractions.