Investigating the effects of closed kinetic chain exercises on joint point sense, functionality, range of motion, and pain in individuals with distal radius fracture: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Distal radius fractures (DRF) are common upper extremity injuries, often leading to pain, functional limitations, and proprioceptive impairments. Conventional rehabilitation focuses on improving range of motion (ROM) and strength, but closed kinetic chain exercises (CKCE) may enhance joint stabilization and neuromuscular control. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CKCE on pain, functionality, proprioception, and ROM in individuals recovering from DRF.

Methods: Forty individuals with conservatively treated DRF were randomly assigned to either the CKCE or conventional physiotherapy (CP) group. Both groups participated in a six-week rehabilitation program after cast removal. Outcome measures included Visual Analog Scale for activity-related pain (VAS-Activity), ROM (flexion/extension), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and joint position sense (JPS).

Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in all parameters (p < 0.05). However, the CKCE group demonstrated greater improvements in VAS-Activity (ES=-1.06), ROM/Extension (ES=-0.85), ROM/Flexion (ES=-0.78), DASH (ES=-1.99), and JPS (ES=-0.78), (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: CKCE was more effective than conventional exercises in improving proprioception, joint stabilization, and functional recovery in DRF rehabilitation. These findings support the inclusion of CKCE in rehabilitation programs.