Phytochemical Profiling, <i>in Vitro</i> Biological Activities and <i>in Silico</i> Molecular Docking Studies of the Crude Extract of <i>Crambe orientalis</i>, an Endemic Plant in Turkey

In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid analyses of flower, leaf, and stem aqueous extracts of C. orientalis were performed. Total phenolic contents of C. orientalis extracts ranged from 12.2 +/- 0.06 to 19.0 +/- 0.07 mg GAE/g extract. Total flavonoid values range between 2.0 +/- 0.11 and 6.6 +/- 0.19 mg CE/g extract. Urease, collagenase, tyrosinase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activities were determined in vitro and the relationship between them was examined. IC50 results for all enzymes were obtained between 0.18 and 3.53 mu g/mL. The aqueous extract of the plant C. orientalis showed potent cytotoxic effects against the human colon cancer cell lines DLD-1. As the extract concentration increases, cell death increases. The main fatty acid composition by GC/MS analysis is erucic acid (36.5 %). The potential binding modes of the fatty acids in the plant extract to the enzymes and possible inhibition mechanisms were determined by molecular docking calculation.