Study of flavor dependence of the baryon-to-meson ratio in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{}\text{}\mathrm{TeV}$

The production cross sections of ${D}^{0}$ and ${\Lambda }_{c}^{+}$ hadrons originating from beauty-hadron decays (i.e., nonprompt) were measured for the first time at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) by the ALICE Collaboration in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=13\text{}\text{}\mathrm{TeV}$. They are described within uncertainties by perturbative QCD calculations employing the fragmentation fractions of beauty quarks to baryons measured at forward rapidity by the LHCb Collaboration. The $b\overline{b}$ production cross section per unit of rapidity at midrapidity, estimated from these measurements, is $d{\sigma }_{b\overline{b}}/dy{|}_{|y|<0.5}=83.1±3.5\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)±\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}5.4\left(\mathrm{syst}{\right)}_{-3.2}^{+12.3}\left(\text{extrap}\right)\text{}\text{}\mu b$. The baryon-to-meson ratios are computed to investigate the hadronization mechanism of beauty quarks. The nonprompt ${\Lambda }_{c}^{+}/{D}^{0}$ production ratio has a similar trend to the one measured for the promptly produced charmed particles and to the $p/{\pi }^{+}$ and $\Lambda /{K}_{S}^{0}$ ratios, suggesting a similar baryon-formation mechanism among light, strange, charm, and beauty hadrons. The ${p}_{T}$ -integrated nonprompt ${\Lambda }_{c}^{+}/{D}^{0}$ ratio is found to be significantly higher than the one measured in ${e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions.