Determination of surface tension of liquid ternary Ni–Cu–Fe and sub-binary alloys

ABSTRACT
Experimental data in the literature are almost limited to
determine the thermophysical properties of
multicomponent complex alloys, especially due to the
inability of laboratories to achieve the desired ideal
conditions, due to the difficulty of protection from
oxidation at high temperatures and other contamination at
high temperatures, due to time and cost in laboratory
studies. Due to these reasons, the theoretical data obtained
in this subject is of great importance. In this study, a series
of geometric and physical models, such as Chou’s general
solution model (GSM), Muggianu’s Model, Kohler’s Model,
Toop’s Model, Hillert’s Model, Guggenheim’s Model, Butler’s
Model, Egry’s Model and ideal solution model for quasibinary
alloy system for Section A: Ni0.4(1 – x)CuxFe0.6(1 – x).
and Section B: (NixCu0.2Fe0.8 – x) are used to calculate the
surface tension-composition and surface tensiontemperature
curves of the Cu-Fe-Ni ternary liquid system
are plotted. The data for this process is evaluated by means
of an extended Redlich-Kister-Muggianu polynomial fit to
the experimental values of the surface tensions of the
binary liquid alloy systems. The obtained results for these
models are also compared with the available data in the
literature and relatively good agreements are observed. In
addition, the surface segregation having important key
factor in determining surface tension of the liquid alloy Ni-
Fe-Cu has also been investigated in this work.