Role of neutrino form factors in the energy loss rates of the pair annihilation process

The stellar energy loss rates due to the production of neutrino pairs $ e^+e^- \rightarrow (W, Z, \gamma) \rightarrow \nu_e \overline{\nu_e} $ are calculated using the minimal extension of the Standard Model with the electromagnetic properties of the Dirac neutrinos, which takes the contributions of the neutrino charge radius, anapole moment, and dipole moments into account. We show that the contribution of the electron neutrino's dipole moment is small compared with that of the charge radius. The obtained results are also compared with the results obtained using the Standard Model.